He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka membrane a me RO?

Introduction

I ke aupuni o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, nā membranes a hoʻololi osmosis Hoʻokani nā ʻōnaehana (RO) i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi, kēlā me kēia hoʻolaha i nā mea kani no ka kānana ʻana i nā mea haumia mai ka wai. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka kānana membrane a me ka hana hou RO he mea nui ia no ke koho ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho mālama wai kūpono loa.

ʻO nā huaʻōlelo "membrane" a me "reverse osmosis (RO)" pili akā pili i nā manaʻo like ʻole o nā kaʻina hana mālama wai:

Membrane: ʻO ka membrane he mea keakea e hiki ai i kekahi mau mea ke hele i loko o ka pale ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā membrane i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai he mau pepa wīwī a i ʻole nā membrane i hana ʻia mai nā mea i hana ʻia e like me ka polyamide, polysulfone, a i ʻole cellulose acetic acid derivation. Loaʻa i kēia mau membrane nā pores liʻiliʻi ʻole a i ʻole nā kahawai e ʻae i ke komo ʻana o nā wai wai a ke kāohi nei i nā mea haumia e like me nā paʻakai, nā ʻāpana, nā meaola microscopic, a me nā pūhui kūlohelohe.

Hoʻohui ʻo Osmosis (RO): ʻO ka huli ʻana i ka osmosis kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe wai e hoʻohana ana i kahi membrane semi-permeable e kipaku aku i nā mea haumia mai ka wai. I loko o kahi ʻōnaehana RO, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka wai ma lalo o ke kaumaha ma o ka membrane, kahi e ʻae ai i nā ʻāpana wai e hele ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā paʻakai, nā minerala, a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe. ʻOhi ʻia ka wai kānana e hele ai i loko o ka membrane, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea haumia i hōʻole ʻia e hoʻoheheʻe mau ʻia ma ke ʻano he wai ʻōpala.

I ka rundown, ʻo ka membrane he keakea kino e ʻae pono ai i ke komo ʻana o kekahi mau mea, akā ʻo ka reverse osmosis kahi hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e hoʻohana ana i kahi membrane semi-permeable e kipaku aku i nā mea haumia mai ka wai. ʻO RO kahi noi o ka hana hou membrane i ka mālama wai, ʻoiai ʻo ia kekahi o nā hoʻolālā ākea a kūleʻa no ka hana ʻana i ka wai inu kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka membrane: He Manaʻo Nui

ʻO ka kānana membrane kahi ʻenehana i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana a me nā haumia mai kahi hoʻonā wai ma o ka hele ʻana i loko o kahi membrane semi-permeable. Ke hana nei kēia membrane ma ke ʻano he mea pale, e ʻae wale i kekahi mau moleke e hele i ka wā e kāohi ana i nā mea ʻē aʻe ma muli o ko lākou nui, ʻano, a me ka uku. Hoʻopili ka kānana membrane i nā kaʻina like ʻole e like me ka microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, a ke hoʻohuli i ka hoʻohemo, mālama kēlā me kēia i nā koi kānana kikoʻī.

ʻO nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka kānana membrane

Hoʻohana ka Microfiltration (MF) i nā membrane me ka nui o ka pore mai ka 0.1 a i ka 10 micrometers, me ka wehe pono ʻana i nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, bacteria, a me kekahi mau maʻi mai ka wai. Hoʻohana ka Ultrafiltration (UF) i nā membrane me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, maʻamau ma waena o 0.01 a 0.1 micrometers, e hoʻopau i nā ʻāpana colloidal, macromolecules, a me nā pathogens. Hana ʻia ka Nanofiltration (NF) ma kahi pae molekala, e hoʻoneʻe ana i nā ion divalent, nā pūhui organik, a me nā ʻāpana maikaʻi. Hoʻohana ʻo Reverse osmosis (RO), ke ʻano ʻoi loa o ka kānana membrane, e hoʻohana i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoikaika i ka wai ma o ka membrane semi-permeable, me ka wehe pono ʻana i nā paʻakai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, nā minerala, a me nā mea haumia.

Nā Mechanics o Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Osmosis hoʻohuli (RO) he kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai e hoʻohana ana i ka membrane semi-permeable e wehe i nā ion, nā molekala, a me nā ʻāpana nui mai ka wai inu. I loko o nā ʻōnaehana RO, kaomi ʻia ka wai a koi ʻia i loko o ka membrane, ʻoiai ua waiho ʻia nā mea haumia, e hopena i ka wai maʻemaʻe ma kēlā ʻaoʻao. Hoʻopau maikaʻi kēia kaʻina hana i ka nui o nā mea haumia, e like me nā paʻakai, nā minerala, nā metala kaumaha, a me nā pūhui organik, e hana ana i ka wai inu kiʻekiʻe.

Nā ʻano ʻokoʻa: Membrane Filtration vs. Reverse Osmosis

Membrane kānana a ke hoʻohuli i ka hoʻohemo (RO) nā kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai e hoʻohana i nā membrane semipermeable e wehe i nā haumia mai ka wai.

Nui Pore:

Membrane Filtration: Hoʻopili ʻia ka kānana membrane i kahi ʻāpana ākea o nā kaʻina e pili ana i ka microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), a me ka reverse osmosis (RO). ʻOkoʻa ka nui o ka pore o nā membrane i kēia mau ʻenehana. ʻO ka microfiltration ka nui o ka pore nui, maʻamau mai ka 0.1 a 10 micrometers, aʻo ka ultrafiltration he pores liʻiliʻi (0.01 a 0.1 micrometers). ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nanofiltration, mai ka 0.001 a i ka 0.01 micrometers. ʻO ka reverse osmosis, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka pore, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 0.001 micrometers, hiki iā ia ke wehe i kahi ākea o nā mea haumia, me nā paʻakai a me nā ion.

Reverse Osmosis: Loaʻa i nā membrane RO nā pores liʻiliʻi loa e hiki ai i nā molekole wai ke hele i loko o ka pale ʻana i nā paʻakai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, nā minerala, nā huakini, nā maʻi virus, a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe.

Kaomi hana:

Membrane Filtration: ʻO nā kaʻina kānana membrane e like me ka microfiltration, ultrafiltration, a me ka nanofiltration e hana maʻamau i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka reverse osmosis.

Reverse Osmosis: Pono ka reverse osmosis i nā kaomi hana kiʻekiʻe e lanakila ai i ke kaomi osmotic a hoʻoikaika i ka wai ma o ka membrane semipermeable. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia kēia kaomi e kahi pamu i ka ʻōnaehana RO.

Nā ʻano o nā mea haumia i wehe ʻia:

Membrane Filtration: He mea maikaʻi nā kaʻina hana kānana membrane i ka wehe ʻana i nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, bacteria, kekahi mau maʻi maʻi, a me nā molela nui, e pili ana i ka nui o ka pore o ka membrane i hoʻohana ʻia.

Reverse Osmosis: Hiki i ka reverse osmosis ke wehe i kahi ākea o nā mea haumia, me nā paʻakai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, nā minerala, nā metala kaumaha, nā pūhui organik, bacteria, virus, a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe, ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ke kaʻina hana i hoʻoikaika ʻia.

noi:

Membrane Filtration: Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻenehana kānana membrane no nā noi e like me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai, ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, a me ka wehe ʻana i nā mea ʻala mai ka wai.

Reverse Osmosis: Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka osmosis hoʻohuli no ka hana ʻana i ka wai inu hoʻomaʻemaʻe, desalination o ke kai a me ka wai paʻakai, ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kaʻina hana, a me nā noi ʻē aʻe kahi e koi ʻia ai ka wai maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO nā pono a me nā hoʻohana ʻana o ka Membrane Filtration

Hāʻawi ka kānana membrane i nā pono he nui, me ka versatility, scalability, a me ke kumu kūʻai. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā ʻoihana like ʻole, me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka meaʻai a me ka mea inu, ka biotechnology, a me ka mālama wai ʻino. Hoʻohana ʻia ka microfiltration a me ka ultrafiltration no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā wai, aʻo ka nanofiltration e hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai a me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā pūhui organik. Loaʻa ka Reverse osmosis i nā noi nui i nā mea kanu desalination, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, a me nā kaʻina hana e pono ai ka wai ultra-maʻemaʻe.

Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā hoʻohana ʻana o Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Hāʻawi ka ʻenehana Reverse osmosis (RO) i ka hana maikaʻi ʻole i ka wehe ʻana i nā paʻakai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, nā minerala, a me nā mea haumia mai ka wai, no laila he mea nui ia i nā wahi e kū nei i ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai a i ʻole ka paʻakai kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōnaehana RO ma nā wahi noho, ʻoihana, a me nā ʻoihana e hana i ka wai inu mai ka wai kai, ka wai paʻakai, a i ʻole nā kumu haumia. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ka ʻenehana RO ka mea nui i ka hana ʻana i ka wai maʻemaʻe no ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hana uila, a me ka hana ʻana i ka mea inu, e hōʻoia ana i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana hoʻoponopono koʻikoʻi.

Noʻonoʻo no ke koho ʻana i ka hoʻonā wai kūpono

Ke koho ʻana ma waena o ka kānana membrane a me ka reverse osmosis no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kekahi mau mea, me ka maikaʻi o ka wai hānai, ka pae i makemake ʻia o ka maʻemaʻe, ka hiki ke mālama, nā kumukūʻai hana, a me ka hopena o ke kaiapuni. ʻOiai lawa paha ka kānana membrane no ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana nui a me nā microorganism, pono ka reverse osmosis no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā paʻakai a me nā iona i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā noi e koi ana i ka wai ultra-maʻemaʻe. Pono e loiloi i nā koi kikoʻī a me nā kaohi o kēlā me kēia noi no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hopena lapaʻau wai kūpono loa.

Panina

I ka hopena, membrane kānana a ke hoʻohuli i ka hoʻohemo he mau ʻenehana koʻikoʻi i ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, hāʻawi kēlā me kēia i nā pono kūʻokoʻa a me nā noi. ʻOiai ʻo ka kānana membrane e hoʻopili ana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole no ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana a me nā haumia mai ka wai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka reverse osmosis i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā paʻakai a me nā ion i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka kānana membrane a me ka ʻenehana RO, hiki i nā mea kuleana ke hoʻoholo i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke koho ʻana i nā hoʻonā wai wai i kūpono i kā lākou mau pono a me nā koi.

E hoʻomaopopo ':

1. Hui Hana Wai o Amerika. "Nā Kaʻina Membrane i ka Hana Wai inu." https://www.awwa.org/resources-tools/water-knowledge/membrane-processes-in-drinking-water-treatment

2. ʻImi ʻĀpana ʻAmelika. "Reverse Osmosis." https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/reverse-osmosis?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects

3. Hui Pono Wai. "Reverse Osmosis." https://www.wqa.org/learn-about-water/perceptible-issues/contaminants/reverse-osmosis